区位通达性与在京外资企业的区位选择

Locational accessibility and location of foreign enterprises in Beijing

利用北京市第二次基本单位普查资料,以邮政编码区为空间单元,采用泊松回归模型探讨了在京外资企业的城市内区位选择及其影响因素。研究涵盖了2001年全部的在京外资企业,模型估计中有效样本240个。外资企业具有显著的向中心城区集聚的分布态势,相对于制造业而言,服务业外资企业更为集中。分析结果表明,区位的通达性和城市结构对在京外资企业区位选择具有显著的影响。接近高速公路、高等院校、外国使馆以及工业园区等对外资企业具有显著吸引作用,离城市中心、火车站和机场距离过远则不利于吸引各类外资企业。研究也发现,制造业外资企业和服务业外资企业以及投资来源地不同的外资企业,在进行城市内部区位选择时存在显著的差异。

To understand urban restructuring process,the intra-urban location behavior of foreign enterprises should be fully investigated.Due to the lack of disaggregated data,few studies have focused on the intra-urban location of foreign enterprises.Compared with their domestic counterparts,foreign enterprises are rational decision-makers and have more flexibility in choosing their locations.Governed by market forces,foreign enterprises are not randomly distributed within a city and their location patterns are detectable.Based on data from the second census of basic units,this study geo-references foreign enterprises in Beijing by their postal codes and captures site attributes through cross-referencing enterprises distribution with other spatial coverage such as railway stations,airports,land uses,and designated development zones.The Poisson regression model is applied since the dependent variables are the number of foreign enterprises within a particular postal code.Statistical results show that foreign enterprises tend to agglomerate in the central city and are located close to the important transport infrastructure such as railway stations,airports and highways.Statistical results suggest that locational accessibility plays a crucial role in attracting foreign enterprises within Beijing.Proximity to universities,embassies and industrial parks are also important locational determinants for foreign enterprises.Significant differences exist in the locational behaviors of different types of foreign enterprises.