医疗机构护士锐器损伤现状调查与防护对策

Sharp Instrument Injuries in Nursing:Analysis and Prevention

目的调查各级医疗机构护士锐器损伤发生概率,分析发生原因及探讨防范对策。方法对50所医疗机构1050名护理人员,进行从事护理工作后发生锐器损伤的调查,发放调查表1050份,有效使用1028份。结果50所医疗机构1028名护理人员,其中有903名在工作中均受到不同程度锐器损伤,损伤概率占87.84%;工龄6-10年损伤率最高,占40.75%,其次是工作11-15年占31.12%;共发生损伤7059例次,每人平均损伤7.80次,损伤〉10次287名,占31.78%;配药时被安瓿损伤4 986例次,占70.63%;其次是清洗器械损伤1 097例次,占15.54%;皮肤轻度损伤4 072例次,占57.69%。结论要不断改进安瓿工艺及器械安全性;有条件医院应购置器械清洗机;关键是要加强职业防护意识的宣教力度,做好自我防护,降低损伤概率极为重要。

OBJECTIVE To explore the incidence of sharp instrument injuries among nurses from the various classes of medical institutions and to analyze the cause and investigate the preventive countermeasures. METHODS To survey the sharp instrument injuries in nursing among 1050 nurses from 50 medical institutions. From 1050 questionaires, 1028 were performed. RESULTS Among 1028 nurses from 50 medical institutions, 903 nurses suffered different degrees of sharp instrument injuries with 87.84%, of which 40.75% and 31.12 % were caused respectively in working age of 6-10 years and 11-15 years. All injury cases added up to 7059, with average of 7.80 times per person and 287 （31. 78%） cases were with over 10 times. Injuries for ampule in dispensing and clearance of instruments accounted for 70.63%and 15.54%, with the times of 4986 and 1097. Degrees of injury：the light injury of skin accounted for 57. 69% with 4076 cases. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested to reform the craft of ampules and safety of instruments continually. Instrument cleaner is recommended if necessary. The key point is to strengthen the education of awareness on occupational protection and do self-protection best, which is sharply important to reduce the incidence of injuries.