从杜威的政治哲学看个人、社会、共同体的关系

Research on the Relationship Among Individual,Society and Community from Dowey's Political Philosophy Point of View

杜威从其"经验"哲学的基本观点出发,认为传统的二元论哲学必然导致一种"旁观者"的知识观,而传统政治哲学将个人和社会对立起来,对于默认二元区分为其前提的知识论传统而言,是一个必然的推论。"原子式的个人"的观点破坏了人的生活的源初统一性,最终使个人与社会的关系问题成为一个无法解决的难题。杜威认为"社会共同体"是研究政治哲学的依据和出发点,社会共同体是一个属人的概念,而"社会"则是一个含义空洞的概念。只有在一个卓有成效的社会共同体中,每个人的"个体性"才能被展现出来。

From his view of experienced philosophy, Dowey thought that the traditional dualism philosophy resulted in knowledge view of spectator and traditional political philosophy made individual opposite to society, which was a necessary inference according to knowledge tradition which was based on dualism. The view of atomic individual destroyed the primary unity of human life, which made the relation between individual and society difficult. Dowey thought that the society community was a basis and beginning point, society community is a conception about human, and society is a conception of empty meaning. Every one＇s particular individual could be presented only in a fruit society community. A good democratic society must depend on the support of education.