试论进步主义的历史演进

Analysis of Evolution of Progressivism

伴随着苏联社会主义的解体与冷战的结束,兰德公司的分析家弗兰西斯.福山与经济史学家罗伯特.L.海伯纳分别宣布了历史终结与自由民主资本主义的胜利。一时间,"终结"之说甚嚣尘上。与此相呼应,日本学者神原英姿指出,历史没有终结,终结的是进步主义。对进步观念或广义的进步主义在西方乃至整个世界的演进历程进行追溯,得出其几个发展阶段:古希腊时期关于变化的思想;中世纪基督教对来世的向往与对至善的追求;现代进步主义的兴起;20世纪以来进步主义的发展与危机。据此认为,从意识形态角度看,进步主义具有多种表现形式;从历史角度看,进步主义是在历史中生成的,它并没有终结,究其实质,终结的只是进步主义的某种极端形式。

With the demise of Soviet socialism and the end of the Cold War, Francis Fukuyama, a RAND analyst and Robert L. Heilbroner, an economic historian, pronounced the end of history and victory of capitalism separately. Then theories of the end rampantly sprang out. Among those theories, Eisuke Sakakibara asserted that the end is not history, but progressivism. This paper deals with the evolution of the larger - sense progressivism ： the idea of changes during the ancient Greece, the ideal for other world and absolute goodness in the Mediaeval Era, the rise of modem progressivism and its development and crisis since the 20th century. Throughout the evolution of the larger - sense progressivism or the progressive ideology, the author concludes that, theoretically, progressivism embodies versatile forms and practically, it forms the world history, and that the end is not progressivism, but a version of progressivism.