论德国法对公民基本权利的保障与国际商事关系的良性运转

Protection of Fundamental Rights of Citizens and Favorable Operation of International Business Relations in German Laws

经济全球化的加剧促使国际商事往来日益频繁,为了促使良性国际商事关系的形成,各国政府在推动国际商事关系发展的同时,必须调和个体利益、特殊利益和公共利益之间的矛盾。1949年的德国《基本法》确立了不可让渡的人权保障原则,并引入"永久保障"(Ew igke itsgarantie)条款;1961年的德国《对外经济法》规定了对外经济自由原则。德国《基本法》和德国《对外经济法》所保障的基本权利在维护国际商事关系有序发展的过程中,不仅在国内层面而且在国际层面提供了人权保护,使个人自由和公民基本权利在国际商事关系中与在国内具有同等的地位。德国法的规定对各国构建良性国际商事关系的法律保障制度具有借鉴意义。

Globalization of economy highly promotes the international business transactions. In order to encourage the formation of favorable international business relations, governments must make balance among the individual interests, special interests and public interest while developing the international business relations. The German Basic Law of 1949 established inalienable principle of protection of human rights and adopted ＂ Ewigkeitsgarantie＂ clause. The principle of free foreign trade was prescribed in the German Foreign Economic Law of 1961. In the favorable development of international business relations, fundamental rights, guaranteed by the German Basic Law and German Foreign Economic Law, supply protection of human rights on both domestic and international stage, thus conferring the individual freedom and fundamental rights of citizens the same legal status as they have on domestic law. German law could be taken as an example for others States in constructing the security system for the favorable international business relations.