经正中裂入路单独完整肝尾状叶切除术的策略探讨(附19例报告)

The strategy of isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver through the anterior liversplitting approach:a report of 19 cases

目的探讨经肝正中裂路径行单独完整尾状叶全切除治疗肝尾状叶肿瘤的策略。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2006年6月,接受经正中入路单独完整尾状叶切除术的19例直径4～12 cm 的肝尾状叶肿瘤患者的临床资料。术中常规使用两套彭氏多功能手术解剖器使用技术、低中心静脉压技术、选择性应用肝脏血流控制技术、绕肝提拉技术、逆行肝尾状叶切除技术等。19例中肝细胞性肝癌13例、胆管细胞性肝癌4例、肝血管瘤2例。结果所有于术均顺利完成。于术平均时间(296±55)min,术中失血量500～3000 ml,平均1200 ml。全组无围手术期(术后30 d 内)死亡病例,术后发生腹水2例,经输注白蛋白、利尿后治愈;右胸腔积液5例,经多次穿刺抽液后治愈;胆漏2例,分别引流10 d 和13 d 后自愈。结论经肝正中裂路径可提高肝尾状叶肿瘤的手术切除率;而常规应用两套彭氏多功能手术解剖器使用技术、低中心静脉压技术、选择性应用肝脏血流控制技术、绕肝提拉技术、逆行肝尾状叶切除技术等技术是安全实施经正中入路单独完整尾状叶切除术的主要策略。

Objective To explore the strategy of isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe of the liver through the anterior liver-splitting approach. Methods From January 1995 to June 2006, isolated complete caudate resection of the caudate lobe of the liver through the anterior liver-splitting approach in which accessed the caudate lobe by separation the liver parenchyma along the interlobar plane, was performed on 19 patients with tumors originated in caudate lobe. They were included hepatocellular carcinoma in 13 cases, cholangiocarcinoma in 4 cases and hemangioma in 2 cases, the tumor size range from 4-12 cm. The approach to hepatic resection involved routine use of Peng＇s muhifunctional operative dissector, inflow and outflow of hepatic vascular control before hepatic parenchyma transection, low central venous pressure and selective use of liver hanging maneuver, as well as retrograde caudate lobectomy. Results The operations were successful in 19 patients. Operating time averaged at （ 296 ±55 ） min. The average amount of blood loss were 1200 ml （ ranged from 500-3000 ml）. Postoperative complications included ascites in 2 cases, pleural effusion in 5 cases and bile leakage in 2 cases. They were cured by drainage. No mortality occurred in the perioperative period. Conclusions The application of anterior approach for isolated caudate lobectomy can converse certain kind of caudate lobe tumor from non-resectable to respectable resulting in widening the indication. The intraoperative routine use of Peng＇s muhifunctional operative dissector, application of inflow and outflow of hepatic vascular control, low central venous pressure and selective use of liver hanging maneuver, as well as retrograde caudate lobectomy make the anterior liver-splitting approach for isolated complete caudate lobectomy safer and easier.