新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院高血压患者病因构成特点

Analysis of etiology of the patients with hypertension from the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的了解高血压专科住院患者病因学及其在不同性别和年龄中的分布情况。方法采用回顾性研究方法,分析4642例新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院高血压专科住院患者的病因分类及其在不同性别和年龄段中的分布情况。结果 (1)4642例高血压专科住院患者中原发性高血压占85.24%,继发性高血压占14.76%;在继发性高血压中,睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和焦虑症所占比例较高,分别达到了42.92%和15.04%;在内分泌性高血压中,原发性醛固酮增多症所占比例最高(12.12%)。(2)男性高血压患者多于女性高血压患者,原发性高血压、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、原发性醛固酮增多症男性所占的比例都高于女性;焦虑症、嗜铬细胞瘤、肾血管性高血压女性的比例高于男性。(3)继发性高血压在青年中所占比例最大(21.9%),老年人中所占比例最小(9.85%)。结论年轻的患者应除外继发性高血压,积极筛查和鉴别睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和焦虑症。对于内分泌性高血压,原发性醛固酮增多症所占的比例最高,尤其在中青年男性;而嗜铬细胞瘤女性略多于男性。

Objective To analyze the etiology of the patients with hypertension from the People＇s Hospital of Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region ,and to investigate the distribution of hypertension in gender and different ages. Methods From September 1997 to December 2005, the data of 4642 patients with hypertension was retrospective studied. Results （1） Of all the patients, 85. 24% were essential hypertension（EH ） and 14.76 % were secondary hypertension （SH）. Higher prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome（42.92% ） and anxiety（ 15.04% ）was found in secondary hypertension. The highest prevalence of primary aldosteronism （12. 12% ） was found in endocrine hypertension. （2） The male patients with hypertension were more than the female ones, and the incidence of EH, sleep apnea syndrome （SAS） and primary aldosteronism was higher in male patients than female ones,and the following was less than female： anxiety, pheochromocytoma and renovascular hypertension. （3） Among the patients with SH,21.9% were found in youth, and 9.85% in aged. Conclusion For the young, SH should be excluded, especially SAS and anxiety should be screened and differentiated. The highest prevalence of endocrine hypertension is primary aldosteromsm in young and middle-aged male. The prevalence of pheochromocytoma in female is higher than that of male.