病险水库安全评价基本原则与方法

Basic principle and method of safety evaluation of ill and dangerous reservoirs

中国已建的坝高15m以上的大坝有18600多座,90%以上是土石坝,约90%的坝龄都在25年以上。国内对建成多年的土石坝仍按施工期的状态用现有设计规范评价大坝安全,使一些正常运行的水库定为病险水库。如何科学可靠地对建成多年的土石坝进行安全评价是当前急需探讨的问题。根据坝工理论分析和国内外实例研究,提出已建多年土石坝安全评价的基本原则,认为应当研究过去,着眼现在,重在分析多年运行情况及实际表现,依靠各类观测资料的整理与分析进行评价。

There are 18600 dams that higher than 15m constructed in China and 90%of which are earth-rock dams with operation period of more than 25 years. The safety evaluation of these earth-rock dams are usually made according to the condition of dams in the construction period many years ago with the current design standard, therefore some reservoirs in normal operation conditions are regarded as ill and dangerous. It is an urgent task of carrying safety evaluation of earth-rock dams constructed many years ago in a scientific and reliable manner. The basic principle and method of safety evaluation of ill and dangerous reservoirs are given based on analysis of hydraulic engineering theory and typical cases home and aboard. It is suggested to conduct assessment in line with analysis of all kinds of observation materials and operation conditions and actual condition of the dams over a period of time.