社区外环境中细菌种群分布及耐药性检测

Bacterium population distribution in community external environment and detection of drug resistance

目的:分析与监测H市4个不同功能区外环境(食物、空气、水、土壤)中微生物分布特点及与感染性疾病相关病原菌的耐药性。方法:按《全国食品污染物监测相关实验室操作手册》(细菌学部分),《公共场所空气微生物检验方法》,《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》及其它相关国家标准分离、鉴定各类标本的有关细菌。用纸片琼脂扩散(K-B)法测定有关细菌耐药性。结果:H市主要食品均不同程度遭食源性致病菌污染,其中以猪肉、鸡肉污染最严重。沙门菌在7类食品中检出率最高(13.72%,63/459);A区超市集中空调冷却塔水军团菌检出率最高(20%,14/70);社区室外空气细菌浓度以A区交通枢纽最高(6449 cfu/m3),室内空气以A区超市购物厅、医院门诊大厅细菌污染严重(相应是9154,5049 cfu/m3),B区污水沟边土壤、D区莱地土壤污染严重,并检出肠道致病性细菌;检自食物、空气、土壤的金黄色葡萄球菌及革兰阴性菌对常用抗生素亦显示了相应耐药率。结论:以上结果可作为H市在制订公共卫生及感染性疾病的预防、控制等策略时的参考依据。

Objective：Selecting four different functional communities,to analyze and monitor the microorganism distribution in each domain external environment（including foods,air,water and soil） and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacterium associated infectious diseases.Methods：According to ＂the correlative laboratory operating manual of countrywide foods pollutant monitoring＂（the part of bacteriology）,＂the docimastic methods of airborne microorganism in public places＂,＂the hygienical standards of centralized airconditioning ventilating system in public places＂and other related government standards,to isolate and identificate the pertinent bacteria in different samples.Using disc agar diffusion test（K-B）,to detect the drug resistance of pertinent bacteria.Results：All major foods have been contaminated by food sourced pathogenic bacterium,the contaminations of pork and chickens was the most serious.Among seven kinds of food,Saimonella detection rate was the highest（13.72%,63/459）.Besides B region tap water and sanitary sewage,all the water samples from each else domains have been detected Legionella,the Legionella detection rate of centered air conditioning cooling tower in A region super market is the highest（20%,14/70）.Outdoor air bacterial density of A region traffic hub is the highest（6449 cfu/m^3）.Room air bacterial contaminations of the super market shopping hall and the hospital out-patient clinic hall in A region is serious（corresponding contamination is 9154,5049 cfu/m^3）.The green space soil of C regional park is the most cleaning,the soil pollution of B regional sewage drain and D regional vegetable ground is serious,also detected entero-pathogenic bacterium.Staphylococcus aureus detected from foods,air and soil,has obviously drug resistance to frequently used antibiotic,but the resistant strain to vancomycin has not been detected.The detected Gram-negative bacteria displayed corresponding drug fast rate.Conclusion：The above results may be a reference to formulate strategy about public health and infectious diseases precaution and control.