北京市通州区四所公共场所军团菌检测结果分析

Detection of Legionella in 4 public places in Tongzhou District

目的:为了解公共场所的空调冷却水、热水、浴池喷头的污染状况以及军团菌与温度的关系。方法:选择四所不同的公共场所现场填写调查表,测试冷却水、热水的温度;同时采集样品进行军团菌分离、鉴定和菌落计数,检验依据为ISO11731:1998(E)。结果:四所公共场所检样247件,检出5株嗜肺军团菌,检出率为2.02%。2005年11～12月、2006年1～3月和7～9月三个时间段均有嗜肺军团菌检出。冷却塔水嗜肺军团菌的检出率为5.13%;33℃～55℃热水及热水的水龙头和浴池喷头涂抹的检出率分别为1.03%和1.80%,经统计学处理P>0.05,3种检样检出率差异无显著性。从冷却塔水检出的2株嗜肺军团菌,水温为20℃;热水检出的1株嗜肺军团菌,水温48℃。浴池喷头涂抹嗜肺军团菌菌落计数高达100、360 cfu/ml。结论:四所公共场所有三所均有嗜肺军团菌的污染,浴池也是军团病感染的重要场所,军团菌从20℃～48℃水温及冬季和夏季都可以检出,可以看出军团菌对温度的适应性很强,可以随着温度的变化来调节生存能力。所以军团菌的预防控制不但要做到有重点还要全年进行。

Objective：To understand the pollution condition of the air conditioning cooling water,the hot water,the bathing pool nozzle in public places as well as the relationship of Legionella and temperature.Methods：Chooses four different public place scene filling in examination table,testing the temperature of cooling water and the hot water.At the same time collecting samples to carry on Legionella separation,identification and colony counting.Testing basis of the ISO 11731：1998（E）.Results：A total of 247 samples were tested,and five were Legionella pneumophila.The detection rate was 2.02%.In November to December 2005,January to March and July to September 2006,Legionella pneumophila was examined.The detection rate of water in cooling tower was 5.13% and the detection rates of 33℃-55℃ water taps and baths coated nozzle were 1.03% and 1.80%（P〉0.05）.There was no statistical difference of the detection rates.Two Legionella pneumophila were found in water from the cooling towers,the water temperature was 20℃.A Legionella pneumophila was found in hot water,the water temperature was 48℃.Bacterial count of bath head smear was up to 100,360 cfu/ml.Conclusion：Three of the four public places were polluted with Legionella pneumophila.Bathing room is the important place of pollution.And Legionella can be examined from 20℃ to 48℃ water in Summer and Winter.It can be seen that Legionella can adjust itself along with the temperature.Therefore,the prevention and control of Legionella need to be emphasized the whole year.