ICU医源性感染危险因素调查

Investigation of risk factors for nosocomial infection in ICU

目的:了解医院ICU环境污染状况和高危物品的消毒效果,弄清感染危险因素,科学、客观地评价医疗卫生机构中存在的问题,为采取有效措施提供依据。方法:在动态状态下,参照国家卫生部颁发的《医院消毒卫生标准》、《消毒技术规范》,对山东省26家综合性医院的ICU室内空气(沉降菌)、物体表面、呼吸机连接管道(接口)和呼吸机湿化用水等进行了采样、细菌计数和致病菌分析鉴定。结果:采集26家医院ICU各类样本178份,在1份物体表面样本中检出1株铜绿假单胞菌,其余样本均未检出金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、溶血性链球菌和沙门菌;ICU室内空气和呼吸机装置的细菌总数超标严重;呼吸机湿化用水细菌总数最多达1.3×106cfu/m l。结论:环境空气及医疗物品消毒不彻底、细菌污染严重等危险因素是导致ICU医院感染率高的重要原因,不容忽视。

Objective：To realize the contamination features and risk factors of ICU and to provide the reference for clinical prevention.Methods：The standards and methods set in the hospital disinfecting sanitation standard（GB15982-1995） and technical standard for disinfection（2002） were used.178 samples we collected in ICU of 26 hospitals in Shandong province under dynamic condition were tested and analyzed.Results：Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in one sample of object surfaces;the air in ICU and ventilator were heavily contaminated by bacteria.Conclusion：The risk factors such as the disinfection quality of the air in ICU and medical appliances should be emphasized.