纳米纤维素的制备

Preparation of Nanocellulose

在纳米尺寸范围操控纤维素分子及其超分子聚集体,结构设计并组装出稳定的多重花样,由此创制出具有优异功能的新纳米精细化工品、新纳米材料,是纤维素科学的前沿领域和热点。为了研究当前制备纳米纤维素的现状和发展方向,本文简述了纳米纤维素的化学基础,介绍了3类纳米纤维素:纳米纤维素晶体(晶须)、纳米纤维素复合物和纳米纤维素纤维。重点综述了纳米纤维素的5种制备方法:化学法制备纳米纤维素晶体和晶须、生物法制备细菌纤维素、物理法制备微纤化纳米纤维素、人工合成纳米纤维素和静电纺丝制备纤维素纤维,讨论了各种制备方法的优点和缺点。指出了纳米纤维素的主要研究基础和制备方法的未来发展方向。

In nanometer size range, manipulating cellulose molecules and supramolecular crystals, structurally designing and assembling stable multiple patterns, thus creating functionally excellent nano fine chemicals ＆ materials are the frontier and hotspots of cellulose science. In order to study the progress on nanocellulose preparation methods, the basis of nanocellulose chemistry is outlined. Three kinds of nanocellulose are introduced： nanocellulose crystal （whiskers）, nanocellulose composite and nanocellulose fiber. Five preparation methods of nanocellulose are reviewed, which are the chemical method for the preparation of nanocellulose crystal ＆ whiskers, the biological method for the preparation of bacterial cellulose, the physical method for the preparation of nanocellulose fiber, the synthetic method and the electrospinning method for the preparation of nanocellulose fiber. The controllable structure designing of supramolecular cellulose, the stereochemical ＆ regioselective controlling and preparation, the self-assembly process mechanism （such as the molecular recognition and site identification） and the mechanism of multi-scale effect are the main topics of the basic theoretical research. The development trend of nanocellulose preparation is prospected.