电化学DNA生物传感器

The Electrochemical DNA Biosensor

对特异DNA序列的检测在基因相关疾病的诊断、军事反恐和环境监测等方面均具有非常重要的意义。DNA传感器的研究就是为了满足对特异DNA序列的快速、便捷、高灵敏度和高选择性检测的需要。近年来涌现出多种传感策略,根据检测方法的不同大致可以分为光学传感器、电化学传感器和声学传感器等。由于电化学检测方法本身所具有的灵敏、快速、低成本和低能耗等特点,电化学DNA传感器已成为一个非常活跃的研究领域并在近几年中得到了快速发展。本文概括了近年来在DNA传感器的重要分支——电化学DNA传感器领域内的一些重要进展,主要包括DNA探针在传感界面上的固定方法和各种电化学DNA杂交信号的检测方法。

Sequence-specific detection of either genetically or pathogenically associated nucleic acids has become increasingly important for applications including point-of-care diagnostics, antiterrorism, environmental monitoring and forensic analysis. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop DNA detection methods with high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as speed, which has motivated the development of various optical, electronic and acoustic DNA biosensors. Because electrochemical detectors are inexpensive, portable and power-saving, electrochemical DNA biosensors have been widely recognized to be a highly promising approach to detect clinical, environmental and security relevant nucleic acids, especially when time, money or resources are limited. The development of the research on electrochemical DNA biosensor, one of the most important branch of DNA biosensors, is reviewed. A typical electrochemical DNA sensor involves an electrode and surface-confined capture probe DNA. Upon hybridization of the immobilized probes to the sequence-specific target DNA, redox labels that either intercalatively bind to the hybridized double-stranded DNA or covalently tagged to DNA strands generate corresponding electrochemi electrochemical transduction of DNA hybridization are summarized. cal signals. The immobilization of DNA probes and