中国武术:20世纪的传统流失与当代的回归及振兴

Chinese Wushu: the Loss of the Tradition in the 20th Century and the Current Regression and Revitalization

武术是中华民族身体文化的杰出代表,也是中国传统文化的瑰宝和脊梁。然而,今天武术这个传统文化脊梁已经"病入膏肓"危机重重,走进了一个问题的时代。文章在文献查阅的基础上,运用文化学、社会学的理论,在首先论述武术20世纪以来的发展所取得的成绩基础上,全面剖析20世纪以来武术传统流失的社会文化学动因,进而提出:今天的武术存在着实是传统的成份越来越少,越来越缺少民族文化的厚重根基,相反的是外来文化的因子越来越多,越来越占据"武术"文化的核心地位。并在此基础上,对武术传统的当代回归及振兴,做出了文化学意义上的阐述。文章认为:武术的传统回归,是武术振兴的前提保障。只有武术发展中多一些传统的要素,武术的现代化、世界化进程才会加快。最后指出,武术发展应该走自己的路,从传统的流变中寻找规律;走自己的路,坚持文化个性的存在和张扬;坚持"退而后进"的发展方针,也许武术的发展才会走出一条宽敞、通顺的路径。

Wushu is the excellent representative of Chinese physical culture. However nowadan, Wushu has been in trouble, based on a eareful study of different cultures, sociology and history from piles of documents and materials. This article discnsses the progress of Wushu in the 20th century and analyses the cultural reasons of the loss of Wushu tradition. It is printed out that there is few traditional ingredients and groundwork, while there are more external cultural factors inhabiting the core of Wushu culture. We make the explanation on culturology about the loss and regression. The regression of tradition is the premise and guarantee of Wushu revitalization. It needs some more traditional factors to fasten the modernization and gobalization. The paper emphasizes in the end that Wushu should choose its own way, find out the rules from the changes, and insist on the cultural characters and the policy of ＂Advance after Retreat＂. So, we can find a spacious and smooth way for the development of Wushu.