东、黄海2000年冬季底层鱼类群落结构及其多样性

The structure and diversity of demersal fish communities in winter 2000 in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea

根据2000年12月～2001年1月东、黄海冬季底层鱼类资源调查资料,分析了该海域的鱼类群落结构。本次调查共捕获鱼类4716.72kg,395796尾,138种。其中,暖水种(WW)居第1位,有81种,占60.00%;暖温种(WT)次之,有53种,占39.26%;冷温种(CT)最少,只有1种,占0.74%。全调查海域的优势种(相对重要性指数QIRI大于500)有5种:带鱼、黄鲫、发光鲷、小黄鱼和鳀;与历史资料相比,优势种个体变小、有被小型鱼类更替的趋势。以质量计算的多样性指数(种类丰富度指数D,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数H′W,种类均匀度指数J′W)呈现由北至南逐渐递增的趋势,而以尾数计算的多样性指数(H′N,J′N)呈现东海北部最高,东海中部次之,黄海南部最低的趋势。生物多样性指数中除种类丰富度指数(D)与水深、海水表温、表层盐度都呈显著性正相关外,而其它生物多样性指数与前述3种环境因子之间的相关性都不显著。单因素方差分析表明,东海北部和中部渔获组成和生物多样性指数都无显著性差别。

Studies on the characteristics of fish community structure and diversity are conducted, based on data from bottom trawl surveys from December 2000 to January 2001 in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. A total catch of 4 716.72 kg, 395 796 individuals comprising 138 species of fishes is composed of warmwater（60.00%）, and warm temperate（39. 26%） and cold-temperate （0. 74%） species. The species of fish with index of relative importance（QIRI） over 500 is defined as dominant species, a total of 5 species that are Trichiurus haurnala , Setipinna taty , Acropoma japonicurn , Pseudosciaena pol yactis , Engraulis japonicus ; Compared to the history data, there was a trend of body decreasing and been subrogated by little fishes in the dominant species. Three diversity indexes which are species richness index（D）, Shannon-Wiener index（H′）, species evenness index（J′）are used to analyze the characteristics of species diversity of the fish communities. All the biodiversity indexes calculated by weight（D, H′w, J′w） were increasing from north to south; and the indexes calculated by individuals（H′N ,J′N） showed the regulation： high in the north of the East China Sea, middle in the middle of the East China Sea and low in the south of the Yellow Sea. All indexes are correlated with water depth in positive significance, but uncorrelated with water temperature and salinity of the surface. The results of one-factor analysis of variance showed that there were no statistics differences between the north of the East China Sea and the middle of it both in fishery catches and in biodiversity indexes.