飞秒激光在细胞纳米手术中的应用

Applications of the femtosecond laser on cell nanosurgery

激光类型不同,其与生物组织的作用机理也不同。其中飞秒激光由于脉冲持续时间短、瞬时功率大、聚焦尺寸小的特点,使得其在超快、超强和超精细领域有着广阔的应用前景。而结构微小的细胞的动力学研究,如有丝分裂、变形和凋亡,对于了解细胞的生物和发育行为有着重要作用。且生物大分子和水几乎不吸收近红外波长的光,故考虑应用近红外飞秒激光对细胞进行手术。这种激光手术技术已用于对细胞内结构进行切割和蚀除。介绍了该技术在细胞领域中的一些应用,如纳米手术、基因转染和染色体切割等。与传统技术相比,该技术精度高,可在不损伤细胞活性的前提下对细胞进行实验。

The effects of different lasers on biological tissues are various. With short duration time, great instantaneous power and small focus dimension, the femtosecond laser pulses have expansive application future on the ultra-fast, the ultra-intense and the ultra-fine fields. And the study on tiny cell＇s dynamics, such as mitosis, metabolism, and apoptosis, is of great importance to understand the biological and developmental properties of cells. Meanwhile the biological big molecules and the water do not absorb the light in the near-infrared region, so it is corLsidered to do experiments on the biological cells with the near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. This laser technique has been applied to dissect and ablate intracellular structures. Some applications of this technology on cells, such as nanosurgery, gene transfection and chromosomal dissection are introduced. It has higher precision than the traditional technologies, and can be used without compromising the cell＇s viability.