红盖鳞毛蕨配子体的发育

Gametophyte Development of Dryopteris erythrosora

采用MS培养基培养红盖鳞毛蕨Dryopteris erythrosora(Eaton)O.Ktze.孢子,用光学显微镜观察记录其孢子萌发、配子体发育及幼孢子体形成的全过程。结果表明:成熟的孢子深褐色,不透明,极面观圆球形,赤道面观豆形,单裂缝,具周壁。孢子播种后7 d左右萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型;原叶体发育类型为三叉蕨型。播种后15 d左右有片状体形成;30 d左右有幼原叶体形成;幼原叶体暂不对称,成熟原叶体为对称的心脏型。原叶体边缘及背腹面都具毛状体,单细胞。播种后45 d左右开始有性器官出现,精子器近圆球形,由3个细胞构成,成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞构成。原叶体受精后1月内可见幼胚生成。

The spores of Dryopteris erythrosora （Eaton） O. Ktze. were cultured on MS medium. The spore germination, gametophyte development and formation of young sporophytes were observed by microscope. The result shows that the mature spores are dark-brown ,monolete,bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. About 7 days after sowing,the spore germination type is Vittaria-type and the gametophyte development is Aspidium-type. The prothallial plates form in 15 days after sowing. The young prothallia develop in 30 days after sowing,they are not symmetry temporarily,but the mature prothallia are symmetrical cordate. Unicellular hairs occur in the whole surface and the margin of the prothallium. The sex organs form in 45 days after sowing. The antheridia are pellets like and formed by three cells. The archegonial neck is often formed by 4 rows of cells. Young embryos can be seen from the prothallium in one month after fecundation.