秦代人口比例与人口下降问题——以刑徒墓的发现为例

On sex disproportion and depopulation in the Qin dynasty,with reference to the discovery of offender tombs

从秦始皇陵徭役刑徒墓的发掘看,秦代每年至少要使用200万以上的青壮男性从事各种力役。如果再加上大批育龄妇女进入服役人的队伍,可能每年服役青壮男女会达到三四百万,再加上徭役及战争中病死、累死或被杀,必然会造成各种类型的人口比例失调问题,严重影响正常的人口繁衍。

Excavation of offender tombs in Qin Shi Huang＇s mausoleum shows that over two million young men were engaged in various corvees every year in the Qin dynasty. Taking account of the number of the child-bearing women enrolled in the service group, the total number of the corvee staff may have reached 3-4 million, super adding the number of those who died of disease, fatigue and execution in corvees and wars. All these definitely led to sex disproportion, and accordingly affected normal population proliferation.