1S. P. Bate, G. Robert. Knowledge Management and Communities of Practice in the Private Sector: Lessons for Modernizing the National Health Service in England and Wales. Public Administration, 2002, 80(4)
2张凝.捕捉企业隐性知识+建设实践社团(Cop)推动共享与创新.每周电脑报,2004-12-20
3温格·埃蒂纳等著,边婧译.实践社团:学习型组织知识管理指南.北京:机械工业出版社,2003,9
4Etienne Wenger. Knowledge Management as a Doughnut: Shaping Your Knowledge Strategy through Communities of Practice. Ivey Business Journal, January/ February, 2004