淹水对菖蒲萌发及幼苗生长的影响

Effects of flooding on germination and seedlings growth of Sweet Flag(Acorus calamus L.)

应用盆栽试验方法,研究了菖蒲在不同淹水深度下的萌发和幼苗生长.试验共设20、40、60、80、100和120 cm等6个处理,处理时间为86 d.结果表明:(1)不同淹水深度对菖蒲萌发和幼苗有不同程度的影响,在持续完全淹水条件下,菖蒲幼苗的萌发率仅为淹水20 cm条件下的1/3,幼苗的平均高度为淹水20 cm条件下的1/3左右;(2)菖蒲幼苗叶片长度、宽度、叶片面积和基茎随淹水深度增加而减小,叶片数量和叶片含水率随淹水深度增加而增大;(3)在试验的27d、54d、86d,各淹水深度植物的根、茎、叶及总生物量都比淹水20 cm有不同程度的降低,并随淹水时间的延长,各淹水深度条件下的生物量差别增大.在不同淹水深度条件下,根、茎和叶生物量增量均表现为茎的最多,叶的次之,根的最少;(4)菖蒲幼苗在水深为100-120 cm的逆境条件下时,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加剧,细胞质膜透性增加;(5)菖蒲幼苗叶片的叶绿素a、b含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量随淹水深度的增加而下降;(6)Fv/Fm、ETR、qP随淹水深度的增加而下降,长时间(54- 86 d)完全淹水(水深100-120 cm)对菖蒲幼苗光合系统PSⅡ有显著影响,影响菖蒲幼苗PSⅡ的非循环光合电子传递速率,天线色素吸收的光能用于光化学电子传递的份额减少,参与CO_2固定的电子减少;qN在54d、86d的都有不同程度的增加,菖蒲叶片PSⅡ系统没有遭到破坏.

Germination and seedlings growth of Sweet Flag under submerged conditions of water depth of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 cm were researched by the way of pot culture experiment lasted 86 days. The results were as fol- lows ： （1） Different water depths had different effects on germination and seedlings growth of Sweet Flag. Germination ratio and average seedlings height in complete flooding condition were just one third of that in depth of 20 cm condition; （2） Height and width of seedlings leaves, leaf area and diameter of rhizome reduced while quantity of leaf and leaf water content increased with increase of water depth; （3） Biomass of root, rhizome and leaf and total biomass of every treatment reduced in different measures compared with water depth of 20 cm on the 27th, 54th and 86th days. With time increase, biomass differences under different water depths. Biomass of rhizome increased most, leaf lay the second place and root increased least under different water depths. （4） The cell membrane lipid peroxidation and permeability of the seedlings leaves increased in the adversity of water depth from 100 to 120 cm; （5） Chlorophyll-a, Chlorophyll-b and Carotenoid of seedlings leaves reduced with increase of water depth; （6） As water depth increased, Fv/Fm and qP reduced. Under the condition of Long-term （54 -58d） complete flooding （ 100 - 120 cm）, PSII of the seedlings had been significantly effected. ETR was affected. The portion of light energy absorbed by antenna pigment which was used for actinic chemistry electron transfer decreased. Electron taken part in CO2 fixation decreased, qN increased in different measures on the 54th and 86th days. PS Ⅱ of Sweet Flag leaf didnt be destroyed.