脑内AQP4表达相关研究进展

The expression of AQP4 in brain

水通道蛋白-4(aquaporins-4,AQP4)是中枢神经系统的主要水通道,它主要分布在血-脑,脑-脑脊液界面,意味着AQP4在正常和病理生理情况下维持脑内水平衡起重要作用,本文介绍了AQP4在脑内的机构,分布、功能及其在脑水肿的形成及清除中的作用及其可能的调节机制,研究发现在缺血再灌注模型中AQP4表达增高,急性水中毒模型中AQP4缺乏鼠水肿程度减轻,而在脑肿瘤等引起的血管源性水肿,去除AQP4后脑水肿程度反而加重,说明AQP4不但涉及脑水肿的形成也可能参与脑水肿的清除,一系列研究表明AQP4受蛋白磷酸化,蛋白相互作用,和供氧等因素的影响,据此,研究各种药物调节AQP4表达的药物对创伤,脑肿瘤及其他原因导致脑水稳态失衡而引起的脑功能障碍有很大作用。

The AQPS are a family of homologous water channel proteins（ number at least 13 in mammals） that provide the major route for water movement across plasma membranes in a varietv of cell types and play a key role in maintain the water balancein brain and the microenvironment in cell, Aquaporin- 4 （AQP4）is the major water channel in the CNS, Its expression at fluid -tissue barrier （blood -brain and brain- cerebrospinal fluid barriers） throughout the brain and spinal cord suggests a role in water transport under normal and pathological conditions, studies of transgenic mice lacking AQP4 have provided evidence for a role of AQP4 in cerebral water balance and neural signal transduction. There is also evidence that the expression of AQP4 can be regulated by phosphorylation, protein- protein interaction and hypoxia,and that osmolality can regulate the expression of AQP4. Further insight into the meehanisms by which brain AQPs are regulated will be of utmost clinical importance, since perturbed water flow via brain AQPs has been implicated in many neurological diseases.