利用太空诱变、AFLP技术及日光温室加代选育航椒3号辣椒一代杂种

Breeding of new hot pepper F1 hybrid Hangjiao No.3 using space mutation,AFLP technique and additive selection in sunlight greenhouse

选择天水羊角椒、甘农线椒2个辣椒品种原种干种子,搭载在"神州3号"飞船上进行太空诱变处理。收回种子后,采用田间观察和AFLP技术相结合的方法,检测太空诱变处理的效果。利用日光温室进行加代选育,每年选育两代。选择优良变异,通过自交,选育优良自交系;同时,配制杂交组合,选育优良一代杂种。结果表明:太空诱变处理后,2个辣椒品种在太空诱变处理后的第一代就产生了明显变异,自交4代后选育出了高纯度自交系。对太空诱变、AFLP技术、日光温室加代选育等技术集成创新,显著地提高了育种效率,仅三年时间选育出了极早熟、优质、高产、抗逆、广适的辣椒一代杂种"航椒3号"。

Dried foundation seeds of two hot pepper cv. Tiansui Yangjiao and Gannong Xianjiao were sent to receive space mutation treatment on board Shenzhou No. 3 spaceship. After coming back, the integrated technology of AFLP technique and additive selection in sunlight greenhouse were used to detect the treatment effect for seeds. Two generations can be selected in use of sunlight greenhouse additive selection technology. First, good mutation was selected. After self fertilization good self-fertilized line was selected. In the same time, detecting cross-mate and selecting good hybrid were conducted. The result showed that obvious mutant happened in first generation for these two hot pepper cultivars. After four-generation self fertilization, most purity self fertilized line were selected out. In use of integrated technology of space mutation, AFLP technique and sunlight greenhouse additive selection, the breeding efficiency was enhanced obviously, and a new hot pepper F1 hybrid Hangjiao No. 3, with early maturation, good quality, high yield, stress resistance, wide suitable to environment, had been bred after only three years.