国民革命时期的反帝问题再探讨——国民党中央与济案后反日运动关系辨

Revisiting the Issue of Anti-Imperialism at the Time of the Nationalist Revolution:the Relationship between the Nationalist Central Government and the Movement against Japanese Aggression after the Jinan Massacre

济南惨案后国民党领导了各地民众的反日运动,但这种领导是被迫而为之的。国民党中央考虑,与其放纵民气,使善于发动民众的中共获得政治上的主动权,或因压抑民众致使民心丧尽,不如把反日运动纳入自己的掌控之中。在反日运动的前期,国民党对各地反日运动有所协助,但更多的是控制和敷衍;《济案协定》签订后,由于日方的压迫以及对国内局势变化的考虑,终于将这场轰轰烈烈的反日运动打压了下去。国民党中央应对反日运动的手法粗糙,造成许多严重的后果,其反帝立场已大为后退。

After the Japanese army slaughtered Chinese soldiers,civilians and diplomats in Jinan in May 1928,public pressure forced the reluctant Nationalist Government to take the leading role in the nationwide movement against Japanese aggression.In so doing,the Nationalists calculated that retaining control over the movement was better than,on the one hand,letting public sentiment go unchecked and thus allowing the CPC,always ready to mobilize the public,to gain the initiative politically,or on the other suppressing public anger and thus losing their support.In the early stages of the movement,the Nationalist Government offered it some support,but to a much greater extent it was a matter of controlling it and going through the motions.After the signing of the Jinan Incident Agreement,the Nationalists finally took action to suppress the tidal wave of the anti-Japanese movement.They did so because on the one hand they were under pressure from Japan,and on the other hand they had to take into account the changing domestic situation.The clumsy way in which the Nationalists handled the anti-Japanese movement had serious consequences.Their conduct also greatly weakened their anti-imperialist stance.