从“文本”走向“生活”——消费时代的马克思主义文艺批评建设刍议

Approaching "Life" from the "Text": Tentatively on the Construction of Marxist Literary Theory in the Consumption Age

消费时代的来临改变了文艺活动的范围、性质和方式,马克思主义文论只有对此做出相应的调整才能适应文艺的新变化,保持理论的有效性。这一调整将涉及到很多方面:就思维方式而言,面临从二元对立向多元中和的转换;就知识立场而言,需要加强反思,从绝对主体走向情境主体;就批评对象而言,需要进一步拓展,从"文本"走向"生活";至于批评平台,则有着一个从文学期刊走向大众传媒的内在要求。以上几个方面仅是消费时代马克思主义文论建设的一小部分,要想实现理论在新世纪的更大发展,还需要更多理论家的关心和努力。

As the scope, nature and form of literary activities have been changed by the coming of the consumption age, Marxist literary theory is to adjust itself accordingly so as to adapt itself to the new conditions and keep up its theoretical effectiveness. And this adjustment entails a lot of things, that is, as to thinking mode, it should transform from binary antinomy to pluralistic neutrality; as to intellectual position, it should lay stress upon reflection in order to come to the situational subject from the absolute one; as to the objects of criticism, they should be further widened, going from the ＂ text＂ towards ＂life＂; and as to the instnnnents of criticism, there is an internal requirement that it include mass media in addition to the literary periodicals. What has been mentioned above forms only a small part of the construction of Marxist literary theory, and it is necessary for more theorists to be more concerned about it and make more efforts to achieve the bigger development in the new century.