从表征到操作:科学的社会建构困境及出路

From Representation to Operation:On the Predicament of Social Construction and Its Solution

科学知识社会学把社会结构、社会利益、人类技能等都视为科学的组成部分,分析了这些要素与科学之间极具建设性意义的结合和作用。它围绕单一的"社会利益"全方位地说明科学,最终的理论结果是用"社会实在论"取代了"自然实在论",落得个实在论"两极相通",走向了其自身理论批判的反面。表征主义的科学观是科学的社会建构理论的问题和困境产生的基础,摆脱困境的出路在于走向操作语言的科学实践观。

Sociology of scientific knowledge regards social structure, social interest and human ability as the components of science and analyzes the constructive combination between them. Trying to give an overall description of science by focusing only on ＂social interest＂, it uses ＂social realism＂ to replace ＂natural realism＂, and goes to the opposite of what it criticizes. The scientific view of representation is the root that gives birth to the problem and dilemma of social construction theories. The way out of this predicament is taking the route of scientific practice of operating language .