四川省小麦品种抗条锈现状及对策措施

Current situation of the resistance of wheat cultivars to stripe rust and its management measures in Sichuan province

近年来小麦条锈病在四川连年大发生。究其原因,最主要是大面积生产小麦品种抗锈性的丧失。分析本省小麦品种抗锈性现状,是新审定品种区试抗性水平有较大提高,但新品种一经大面积推广后抗锈性衰退现象十分严重。目前本省已采取多种有效措施,包括提高品种审定时的抗锈性指标,实行老品种"退役"制,加大品种更换的力度和合理品种布局,以及建立科学的抗锈性评价体系等。但要进一步提高本省小麦品种的整体抗锈性水平以控制小麦条锈病的发生和为害,还需要加强品种抗源及其抗性遗传背景的研究,加强学科间协作和对外交流,加大良种补贴面等。

Recently, wheat stripe rust has continuously seriously occurred in Sichuan. The main reason is that wheat cul- tivars have lost resistance to stripe rusts in large scales. It was analyzed that newly approved cultivars had its resistance improved in regional test, but their resistance gradually became weak after extended in large area. At present, effective measures have been adopted, such as raising resistance index when cultivars approved, substituting old cultivars, enforcing cultivar replacement, encouraging reasonable cultivar arrangement, and establishing scientific evaluation system for rust resistance. However, more work has yet to be done to improve rust resistance of the local cuhivars and to control its occurrence and damage. It needs to put more efforts in studying resistance sources and hereditary background, strengthen academic cooperation and exchange, give more subsidy on using new resistant wheat seeds and so on.