机会丧失原则探析

Research on Loss of Chance Doctrine

在患者罹患的是治愈率比较低的疾病的情况下,且医疗过程中又遭遇了医生的疏忽,最终造成患者死亡或者其他后果。根据传统因果关系法则,患者无法证明所遭遇的损害是因为医生的过失所造成的,故难以获赔。鉴于这种案件的不公正性,有学者提出了机会丧失原则。在该框架内,单纯机会丧失学说是在没有改变传统因果关系判断法则和证明中盖然性要求的前提下,转变因果关系之"果"的概念,认为机会的丧失是一种损害,使得事实因果关系易于成立,给予患者合理的救济。美国随后的司法实践中,衍生出不同的解决方法,分别出现了降低盖然性要求的"实质可能性说"和改变传统因果关系法则的"比例因果关系"学说。文章就机会丧失原则进行理论分析,给我国司法界在处理类似医疗纠纷时提供借鉴和参考。

Suppose a case like this：once a patient get a serious disease,which is difficult to be cured or even can not be cured,then he or she go to a hospital to seek help,but suffered with the omission of the doctor. Most patients can not get compensation, for the reason that the patient can not prove the causation between the omission and the damage. Lots of researchers know that is unreasonable, then loss of chance doctrine is developed. Under this doctrine, one theory propose to change the traditional ＂damage＂, and recognizes the lost chance of patients as the damage in the tort law, besides, it complies with the ＂but for＂ approach and the balance of probability. In the judicial practice, the doctrine was modified. There are two theories, one is substantial probability that lower the standard of the balance of probability, the other is proportional approach. This article analyzed loss of chance doctrine. It should provide the model and the reference when our country judicial processed similar medical service disputes.