论布鲁尼的人文主义史学

On Humanist Historiography of Leonardo Bruni

布鲁尼是彼特拉克热衷的追随者,他崇尚古代社会,遵从古代典籍,在对希腊古典作家著作的大量翻译过程中,训练了他慎密的思维、求真的品格和严谨的学风,也从中学到了对历史事件因缘的推导和辨析艺术,转而为以拉丁和希腊的原始资料为基础的历史写作。他善于鉴别、校勘、考证、修订史料、用互证互补的方式作传或修史,史学写作的古典主义倾向融贯其间。史著中超越古人的观念和个人能力的自信心,寓示着人本意识的觉醒,加之他对当世佛罗伦萨社会的认识和进行研究的理念,构筑了他史学的现实主义基础,成为意大利文艺复兴时期人文主义历史学的先驱。

Leonardo Bruni was a zealous follower of Petrarca. He venerated ancient society and followed ancient classics. In translating large numbers of works by ancient Greek writers, he became a man cautious and inclusive in thinking, yearning for truth, strict in academic researches, and learned the art of tracing and discriminating the source of historical events. Thus, he turned from translating works by historiographers to authoring history based on the source materials in Latin and Greek. He was expert not only at discriminating, collating, doing textual research on, and amending historical materials, but also at composing biographies and emending history records in the approach of mutual confirmation and complementarity. Esteem for classicism was a theme of his writing. The awakening of humanism, implied by his desire to surpass the ancients and confidence in man＇ s power, together with his insight into the contemporary society of Florence and his mind to research into it, constructed the realistic base of his historical study, and made him a pioneer in the humanistic historiography during the Italian Renaissance.