武汉市城市热岛强度非对称性变化

Asymmetrical Change of Urban Heat Island Intensity in Wuhan,China

利用武汉市区气象站及其周边4个县气象站1960-2005年的气温资料,计算了46a及分时段的季节和年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率及其贡献率。结果表明:46a来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以上升趋势为主,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小,甚至下降;冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢,甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性。城市热岛效应也存在增强趋势,以年平均、最低和最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235℃/10a、0.425℃/10a和0.034℃/10a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%和21.8%,这是第二类非对称性。46a来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是最近23a快速增温所致,进入本世纪增温进一步加剧。

Seasonal and annual trends of mean, minimum and maximum temperature series in Wuhan meteorological station and four rural stations averaged from 1960 to 2005, from 1960 to 1982 and from 1983 to 2005, respectively, together with the trends of urban heat island intensity and its contribution rate were calculated. The main results are： 1） most of the temperature trends are positive, the warming rate of minimum temperature is higher than that of maximum temperature, the warming rate is high in winter than in summer, there is an apparent asymmetrical change; 2） the urban heat island effect has intensified during the last 46 years in Wuhan, the warming rates of mean, minimum and maximum temperatures are 0.235, 0.425 and 0.034℃/10a, and the contribution rates to the series are 60.4%, 67.7% and 21.8%, respectively; 3） the increases of the temperature and heat island intensity are mainly contributed by the rapid warming in the latest two decades.