小麦不同品种的水分利用特性及对灌溉制度的响应

Water use characteristics of different wheat varieties and their responses to different irrigation schedulings

为了研究不同小麦品种的水分利用特性和对灌溉制度的响应,该文于2003～2004年在中国科学院栾城农业生态试验站对19个抗旱节水性不同小麦品种进行了不同灌溉处理下,其生长发育特性、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率（WUE）的比较研究,结果表明不同小麦品种的水分利用特性有显著差异.不同小麦品种产量相差最大达44.86%,水分利用效率相差可达42.18%.根据系统聚类分析,把19个小麦品种分为高产高WUE型、中产高WUE型、中产中WUE型和低产低WUE型4种类型.不同类型的小麦,对灌溉制度的响应不同.高产高WUE类型在本试验年灌溉60 mm,产量可达到7415 kg/hm2,水分利用效率可达15.91 kg/（mm·hm2）.在华北平原适于种植石家庄8号等高产高WUE型小麦,其在不降低产量和水分利用效率的情况下,减少灌水60～120 mm,具有明显的节水增产效益.

In order to study the water use characteristics and the responses of the different winter wheat varieties to different irrigation schedulings, a field experiment was conducted on Luancheng Agri-ecology Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences between 2003 and 2004. Nineteen winter wheat varieties with different drought resistances were selected to study grain yield, water consumption and water use efficiency under three irrigation treatments. The results showed that there were significant differences in yield, water consumption and water use efficiency among the wheat varieties. The WUE and grain yield of Shijiazhuang 8 were increased by 42.18% and 44. 86% respectively, compared with those of Xinong 9614. Based on the results of cluster analysis, these different varieties can be divided into four types： high yield and high WUE type, middle-yield and high WUE type, middle-yield and middle WUE type and low yield and low WUE type. Winter wheat varieties＇ responses to irrigation scheduling were different among different types. Grain yield and water use efficiency of high yield and high WUE type were 7415 kg/hm^2 and 15.91 kg/（mm· hm^2） respectively under 60 mm irrigation. For example, Shijiazhuang 8 could be suitably planted in North China Plain, leading to a 60-120 mm reduction of irrigation without lowering its yield and WUE. So Shijiazhuang 8 had remarkable effects of water-saving and yield improvement.