播期·密度对夏大豆产量和脂肪含量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Yield and Fat Content of Summer Soybean

[目的]探讨高产高油夏大豆的适宜播期和密度组合。[方法]在田间试验中,以高油夏大豆品种鲁豆9号为供试材料,设4个播期4个种植密度处理,研究了播期和密度对高油夏大豆产量和脂肪含量的影响。[结果]随着播期的推迟,夏大豆产量呈递减趋势;随着密度的增加,夏大豆产量呈先增后减的趋势。当播期为6月5日、密度27.0万株/hm2时,鲁豆9号产量最高(3 565.5 kg/hm2)。随播期的推迟或密度的增加,单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重、每荚粒数均呈减少的趋势。株高随播期的推迟而降低,随密度的增加而提高。主茎节数和分枝数随播期的推迟而降低,主茎节数受密度的影响较小,而分枝数随密度的增加明显减少。夏大豆6月25日后播种或密度大于27.0万株/hm2时,籽粒脂肪含量降低。[结论]适期早播、合理密植,有利于夏大豆的高产、高油。

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the suitable combination with sowing date and density for summer soybean with high yield and oil content. [Method] In the field test with high-oil summer soybean variety Ludou 9 as tested materials and 4 sowing date and 4 density treatments, the effects of sowing date and density on yield and fat content of high -oil summer soybean were studied. [Result] With the delay of sowing date, the yield of summer soybean showed a decreasing trend. With the increment of density, the yield of summer soybean showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When sowing date was June 5th and density was 27×10^4 plants/hm^2, the yield of Ludou 9 was highest （3 565.5 kg/hm^2） . With the delay of sowing date or the increment of density, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, 100-grain weight and grain number per pod all showed decreasing trends. Plant height decreased with the delay of sowing date and increased with the increment of density. Node number and branch number of main stem decreased with the delay of sowing date, the effects of node number of main stem by density was smaller and branch number was obviously decreased with the increment of density. When summer soybean was sowed after June 5th or the density was more than 27 ×10^4 plants/hm^2, the fat content of grain was decreased. [Conclusion] Early sowing in suitable period and reasonable planting density were propitious to high yield and oil content of summer soybean.