不同移栽方式对水稻产量及效益的影响

Influences of Different Transplanting Patterns on Rice Yield and Benefit

[目的]就不同移栽方式对水稻产量及其效益的影响进行分析。[方法]以丹粳253、沈农6014为试材,采用乳苗抛栽、抛秧、插秧、大垄双行水和水直播(对照)5种移栽方式,比较研究了不同移栽方式对水稻群体的产量性状及其效益的影响。[结果]不同纬度地区不同栽培方式产量差异极显著。在沈阳地区,不同栽培方式水稻产量排序依次为插秧>抛秧>乳苗>大垄双行>水直播;在丹东地区,不同栽培方式水稻产量排序依次为大垄双行>抛秧>乳苗>插秧>水直播。乳苗抛栽的产量在不同纬度地区差异很大。丹东地区的乳苗抛栽水稻的产量较沈阳的高3 486.45 kg/hm2。乳苗抛栽平均可比插秧栽培节约1 018.5元/hm2,比抛秧栽培节约726.0元/hm2。[结论]不同栽培方式之间产量差异达到了极显著水平,产量与每公顷穗数、每穗颖花数、成粒率、千粒重的正相关达极显著水平。

[Objective] The purpose of the study was to analyze the influences of different transplanting patterns on rice yield and benefit. [Method] With Dangeng 253 and Shennong 6014 as tested materials, 5 transplanting patterns of nursling -seedling -scattering, seedling throwing, transplanting, big ridge double line and water direct seeding （CK） were adopted to compare the influences of different transplanting patterns on yield characters and benefit of rice communities. [Result] The yield differences among different cultivation patterns in the areas at different latitudes were extremely significant. In Shenyang area, the order of rice yield by different cultivation patterns was transplanting 〉seedling throwing〉nursling-seedling〉big ridge double line〉water direct seedling. In Dandong district, the ordination of rice yield with different cultivation patterns was big ridge double line 〉seedling throwing〉nursling-seedling〉transplanting〉water direct seedling. There was great difference in the rice yield by nursling-seedling-scattering in the areas at different latitudes. The yield per hm^2of rice by nursling-seedling-scattering in Dandong was 3 486.45 kg higher than that in Shenyang area. Compared with transplanting and seedling throwing cultivation, the nursling-seedling scattering averagely saved 1 018.5 and 726 yuan per hm^2 respectively. [Conclusion] The yield differences among different cultivation patterns reached extremely significant level. The positive correlation between the yield and spike numbers per hm^2, spikelet numbers per panicle, granulating rate and 1 000-seed weight reached extremely significant level.