马缨杜鹃种子萌发研究

Study on the Seed Germination of Rhododendron delavayi

[目的]为马缨杜鹃的种质保存和开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]对马缨杜鹃种子进行不同温度、不同贮存方法、温水浸种处理等的萌发试验并测定其千粒重与种子活力。[结果]萌发速率随温度升高而加快,且以30℃为最高。15、25和30℃的种子发芽率分别为60%、80%和95%。浸种24 h发芽率为70%,48 h发芽率为88%,而干播种子发芽率仅为68%。风干脱粒-30℃低温贮存的萌发率为84%,脱粒室温贮存的萌发率为77%,不脱粒室温贮存的萌发率为67%。[结论]马缨杜鹃的萌发适宜温度约为25℃。浸种时间48 h比24 h的种子发芽率高,20℃水浸种发芽率比干播种子发芽率稍高些。风干脱粒低温贮存可提高种子的萌发率。营养液配方浓度比为91∶时最适合马缨杜鹃种子萌发。

[Objective] The study aimed to supply scientific basis for the germplasm conservation, development and utilization of Rhododendron delavayi. [Method] The germination experiment of R. delavayi seeds treated with different temperatures, different storage methods and seed soaking in warm water was conducted and their 1 000-seed weights and seed activities were determined. [Result] The germination speed quickened along with the temperature increasing and was highest at 30 ℃. The seed germination rates at 15, 25 and 30 ℃ were 60 %, 80 % and 95 % respectively. The germination rates of seeds soaked for 24 h and 48 h were 70 % and 88 % respectively, but that of dry sowing seeds was only 68 %. The germination rate of seeds that were air-dried and threshed and then stored at -30 ℃ was 84 % and that of seeds that were threshed and non-threshed and then all stored at room temperature were 77 % and 67 % respectively. [Conclusion] The suitable germination temperature of R. delavayi seeds was about 25 ℃. The germination rate of seeds soaked for 48 h was higher than that soaked for 24 h and that of seeds soaked with 20 ℃ water was some higher than that of dry sowing seeds. Air -drying, threshing and storage at low temperature could enhance seed germination. The formula concentration ratio of nutrient solution of 9：1 was most suitable for the germination of R. delavayi seeds.