普通丝瓜两性花现象的研究

Preliminary Exploration in Hermaphrodite Flower Phenomenon of Luffa cylindrica Roem.

[目的]对普通丝瓜的两性花现象进行初步调查研究。[方法]以1994～2005年从国家资源库调用的来自我国普通丝瓜主产区的地方品种资源以及当前生产上的主栽品种102份种质材料为试材,调查这些材料中出现的两性花所在的节位、开放日期及其园艺性状,如是否有子房、子房生长状况、雄蕊和柱头生长情况等。[结果]在102份材料中有34份材料出现不同程度的两性花现象。两性花分无子房和有子房两类;有子房的其子房又有畸形和正常两类。无子房的两性花不能形成果实;子房畸形的两性花,能正常授粉受精,能形成果实,但果实畸形;子房生长正常的两性花,有的雄蕊发育正常、有的退化而无花药,柱头均能授粉受精,子房能形成果实,具有商品性。[结论]普通丝瓜雌、雄花花芽分化过程中均存在两性期,由于环境及内源激素的改变,导致雌、雄花花芽分化过程中发生紊乱,形成两性花。

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the hermaphrodite flower phenomenon of common luffa. [Method] With 102 germplasm materials collected from the local variety resources in the main production areas of Chinese common luffa and currently main cultivars in production, all of which was transferred from national resources pool in 1994-2005 as test materials, the nodes and blooming date of the hermaphrodite flowers appeared in the materials and their horticulture characters such as with or without germen, growing conditions of germen, stamen and chapiter were investigated. [Result] 34 of 102 materials appeared hermaphrodite flower phenomenon to different degrees. The hermaphrodite flowers were classified into 2 categories of without and with germen, the latter also including 2 categories of the deformity and normal. The hermaphrodite flowers without germen couldn＇t form fruits. The hermaphrodite flowers with deformity germen could pollinate and fecundate normally and form fruits with deformity, In the hermaphrodite flowers with normally growing germens, some stamens developed normally, some stamens degenerated to be without anther, the chapiters could all pollinate and fecundate and the germens could form fruits with commercial quality. [Conclusion] The amphoteric stage existed in the differentiation process of female and male flowers of common luffa. The hermaphrodite flowers formed in the turbulence occurred in the differentiation process of female and male flowers caused by the environmental and endogenous hormone change.