国家何以建构国际规范:一项研究议程

How Nations Construct The International Norms: A Research Agenda

一些建构主义学者一直努力将国际规范理论建设成一个体系理论,这使他们对国际规范自身的生成与变化关注甚少,国家→国际规范这个维度被"忘却"了。建构主义无法解释,在既定的无政府文化结构下,互动规则如何发生变化,从而导致一个新的无政府文化的出现。解决这个问题需要从国家属性入手,探究属性变化对国际规范乃至文化结构的影响。因此,单元不象结构主义所假定的那样被动,只是它的能动作用一直被学界所忽视。

The structural contructivists have endeavored to turn the international norms theory into a systemic theory. Thus, they fail to pay attention to the evolution and transition of norms and neglect the dimension of nations→international norms, or the dimension of agent→structure. Constructivism cannot explain how the interactive rules will change without the transition of an culture of anarchy while this change is the precondition of the birth of a new culture of anarchy. A research of the dimension of agent→structure will take the natioanal attributes as the indenpedent variable and the international norms or the cultures of anarchy as dependent variable. The agent is not so negative as being assumed by structuralism and its dynamics are still waiting for the IR shcolars to explore.