摘要
目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者机械通气时对外源性呼气末正压的生理学反应规律,揭示反应个体化特点。方法随机选取2005年1月至2006年6月由急诊室收入我院呼吸科重症监护室的 COPD 急性加重期患者15例,仰卧位经口气管插管后接 Evita 4呼吸机(德国Draeger 公司),采用容量控制通气对受试者序贯给予相当于内源性呼气末正压水平20%、40%、60%、80%、100%、120%的外源性呼气末正压,每次给予外源性呼气末正压后均测量气道阻力、呼吸系统顺应性、气道平台压、总呼气末正压水平。根据施加外源性呼气末正压后患者气道平台压的变化,将15例患者分为正常反应组(11例),反常反应组(4例),对两组间各参数进行比较。结果 15例患者当外源性呼气末正压为80%、内源性呼气末正压为100%水平时的气道阻力分别为(18.5±2.0)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa)、(18.0±2.2)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1),与外源性呼气末正压为0时的气道阻力[(23.0±2.9)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)]比较差异有统计学意义(t 值分别为5.36、6.27,P 均<0.01);当外源性呼气末正压为120%内源性呼气末正压水平时,气道阻力和总呼气末正压水平分别为(17.3±2.1)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)、(12.7±2.2)cm H_2O,与外源性呼气末正压为0时[(23.0±2.9)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)、(10.0±1.1)cm H_2O]比较差异有统计学意义(t 值分别为6.79、-3.90,P 均<0.01)。正常反应组患者基础生理学参数(外源性呼气末正压为0时)内源性呼气末正压水平、气道阻力、呼吸系统顺应性、气道平台压分别为(10.0±1.0)cm H_2O、(22.8±1.9)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)、(39±6)mL/cm H_2O、(20±4)cm H_2O,与反常反应组[(10.0±1.4)cm H_2O、(23.1±4.1)cm H_2O·L^(-1)·s^(-1)、(42±9)ml/cm H_2O、(21±3)cm H_2O]比较差异无统计学意义(t 值分别为0.03、0.10、0.60、0.15,P 均>0.05);正常反应组患者在外源性呼气末正压分别为40%、80%、100%、120%内源性呼气末正压时,ΔP_(plat40),ΔP_(plat80),ΔP_(plat100),ΔP_(plat120)分别为(-0.020±0.970)cm H_2O、(1.6±1.0)cm H_2O、(4.0±2.9)cm H_2O、(6.4±3.3)cm H_2O,与反常反应组[(-7.500±0.920)cm H_2O、(-4.4±1.4)cm H_2O、(-3.8±1.9)cm H_2O、(-1.6±1.2)cm H_2O]比较差异有统计学意义(t 值分别为-9.64、-5.90、-3.80、-3.92,P 均<0.01)。结论提示部分无自主呼吸的被动机械通气患者应用外源性呼气末正压是有益的,可以使患者气道平台压显著下降。
Objective To evaluate the effects of external positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEPe) on respiratory system mechanics in passively ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods Fifteen patients with acute exacerbation of COPD were randomly enrolled into the study. The patients were admitted into respiratory intensive care unit(RICU) from Jan, 2005 to Jun, 2006 for controlled mechanical ventilation. PEEPe was applied stepwise from zero to 120% of intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) in all the 15 patients. At each PEEPc level, airway resistance, compliance (Crs), plateau pressure ( Pplat), and total PEEP ( PEEPlat ) were measured. According to the changes of Pplat after PEEPe application, the patients were divided into 2 sub-groups, anormal response group ( n = 11 ) and a perplexing response group (n = 4 ). Results In all of the 15 patients, airway resistance at PEEPe equal to 80% and 100% of PEEPi(18.5 ±2.0) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1(1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa), (18.0 ±2.2) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1 were significantly lower than that at zero PEEPe [ (23.0 ± 2. 9) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1, t = 5. 36, 6. 27 respectively, all P 〈 0. 01 ]. At PEEPe levels equal to 120% of PEEP1, airway resistance ( 17. 3 ±2. 1 ) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1 and PEEPtot( 12. 7 ±2.2) cm H2O were significantly different compared with those at zeroPEEPe(23.0±2.9) cmH2O · L^-1 · s^-1, (10.0±1.1) cmH2O (t=6.79, -3.90 respectively, all P 〈 0. 01 ). There were no significant differences in baseline PEEPi levels ( 10. 0 ± 1.0) cmH2O, (10.0 ± 1.4) cm H2O, resistance (22.8 ± 1.9) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1, (23.1 ±4.1) cm H2O · L^-1 · s^-1 ,Crs(39 ±6) ml/cm H2O, (42 ±9) ml/cm H20 and Pplat(20 ±4) cm H2O, (21 ± 3) cm H2O between the normal response and the perplexing response groups (t =0.03, 0. 10, 0. 60, 0. 15 respectively, all P 〉 0. 05 ). However, the corresponding values of Pplat changes at different PEEPe levels in the normal response group [ △Pplat40( - 0. 020 ± 0. 970) cm H2 O,△Pplat30 ( 1.6 ± 1.0 ) cm H2 O, △Pplat100 (4. 0 ±2.9) cm H2O, △Pplat20(6.4 ±3.3)cm H2O] were found to be significantly different compared with those in the perplexing response group [ △Pplat40( - 7. 500 ± 0. 920) cm H2O, △Pplat80 ( - 4. 4 ± 1.4 ) cmH2O, △Pplat100(-3-8±1.9) cm H2O, △Pplat20(-1.6± 1.2)cm H2O] (t = -9.64, -5.90, - 3.80, - 3.92 respectively, all P 〈 0. 01 ). Conclusion At least in some passively ventilated COPD patients, the applied PEEPe may offer benefit by decreasing the Pplat.
出处
《中华结核和呼吸杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第10期756-760,共5页
Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
关键词
机械通气
肺疾病
慢性阻塞性
呼吸生理学
Mechanical ventilation
Lung diseases,chronic obstructive
Respiratory physiology