2岁儿童语言理解和表达能力相关因素的研究

Logistic regression analysis of influential factors on auditory receptive and auditory expressive language development in 2-year old child

目的探讨影响表达和理解能力的因素,为早期语言发育迟缓的预防和干预提供依据。方法采用分阶段整群抽样,进行横断面调查。2005年3至8月采用家长问卷在上海8个行政区调查了2794个儿童,以《婴幼儿语言发育进程量表》评估儿童表达和理解得分并分组,根据 Logistic逐步回归模型进行统计分析。结果表达能力的24项可能相关因素中有5项有意义,不利于语言表达能力发育的因素有:不常练习表达(OR=3.0257),平常看书是默看而不"看图说话"(OR=2.0704),男孩(OR=1.7778),看电视不作讨论(OR=1.4424),1岁半后才开始经常看图书(OR=1.1576～2.0115)。理解能力的24项可能相关因素中有11项有意义,不利于理解能力发展的因素有:父亲是农林牧渔水利生产人员(OR=17.0238),不常练习表达(OR=2.8410),常住城市(OR=2.0125),平常看书是默看而不是"看图说话"(OR=1.7039),平均每天看电视时间超过2 h(OR=1.6551),看电视不作讨论(OR=1.5344),照看人和孩子交流少(OR=1.1892),母亲文化水平低于初中(OR=1.1870),男孩(OR=1.6722),平均每周与同伴玩耍次数少于2次(OR=1.1671),1岁半后才开始经常看图书(OR=1.0435～2.0228)。结论影响语言表达和语言理解的相关因素既有重合,又不完全相同。避免各种高危因素有助于防治早期语言发育偏离的发生。

Objective To identify the influential factors on auditory receptive and auditory expressive language development and to provide clues to avoid language delay. Methods A questionnaire was conducted among the caregivers of 2794 2-year old healthy children selected by cluster sampling in subdistricts with middle economic level from randomly selected 8 districts of Shanghai by using the ＂Early language milestone scale＂. Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the related factors. Results Five of the 24 items were the risk factors for the expressive language development： seldom practicing speaking （ OR = 3. 0257 ）, reading quietly （ OR = 2. 0704 ）, being male （ OR = 1. 7778 ）, watching TV without discussing （OR = 1.4424）, beginning to read after the age of 1.5 years （ OR = 1. 1576-2.0115）. Eleven of the 24 items were the risk factors for the receptive language development： father＇s physical labor occupation （ OR = 17. 0238）, seldom practicing speaking （ OR = 2. 8410）, living in city （ OR = 2. 0125 ）, reading quietly （ OR = 1. 7039）, watching TV for more than 2 hours a day （ OR = 1. 6551 ）, watching TV without discussing （ OR = 1. 5344）, lack of communication between children and caregiver （ OR = 1. 1892）, mother＇s bad education （ OR = 1. 1870）, being male （ OR = 1. 6722）, seldom playing with other children n （ OR = 1. 1671 ）, beginning to read after the aged of 1.5 years （ OR = 1. 0435-2. 0228 ）. Conclusion There are different factors related to 2-year-old children＇s receptive and expressive language development. Avoiding the risk factors and providing rich language environment would help prevent and intervene the language delay in early life.