农村社会从身份到契约的实现路径谈

The Realization Way from the Status to the Contract

从身份到契约是梅因对人类历史发展进程的一个著名概括。改革开放以来,我国农村社会的发展进程也可以从这一角度理解。一方面,旧的身份传统如宗法等级观念和相对较新的政治身份受到改革开放和社会主义市场经济的冲击,而逐渐淡出舞台,契约关系与契约观念逐渐生根;另一方面,某些旧的身份传统仍然存在,导致了政治权利不平等、经济权利无保障、文化权利受限制等问题出现,严重阻碍了我国农村社会的社会转型。如何认识身份到契约的转变条件,如何实现我国农村从身份到契约的转变具有重要的现实意义。

From the status to the contract is a famous summary which HenrySmnner Maine does a great effort to a human history development advancement . Since the reform and open policy, our countryside society development advancement also has been allowed from this angle understanding. On the one hand, the old status tradition like clan law rank idea and the relative newer political status receive the reform and open policy and the socialist market economy impact, but gradually fades out the stage, the contractual relationship and the contract idea gradually takes root. On the other hand, certain old status traditions still existed, which led to the political rights not to be equal, the economical right did not have the safeguard, the cultural right is limited and so on the question appearance, which has seriously hindered our countryside social reforming. How to know the transformation condition from the status to the contract, how to realize our countryside transformation from the status to the contract is a primary intention which this article discusses.