控制股东义务基础的比较法研究

Comparative Analysis on the Basis of the Controlling Shareholders' Duty

控制股东义务基础的考察有两个法律视角,一是信托关系视角,二是合伙关系视角。信托关系的视角是美国法上分析控制股东义务基础的主要路径,其缺陷在于其强迫控制股东承担了"利益冲突防范"的受托义务,这是对作为内部利益参与者的控制股东的非理性歧视,压迫控制股东应有的比例权利;合伙关系的法律视角缺陷在于该关系只适用于封闭公司的控制股东,不具有普适性。英美国家新近开始了用客观违法行为标准作为认定控制股东压制行为的法律尝试,而德国、日韩国家则主要用权利行使的一般边界——诚信义务来规制控制股东的压迫性行为。

There are two legal perspectives for the research on the basis of the controlling shareholder＇s duty. One is from the perspective of trust relationship. Other is from the partnership. The perspective of trust relationship prevails in USA corporation law, with the defect of unreasonable oppression on the controlling shareholders to take the responsibility of non-interest conflict of trustee, for the legally proportional interests of controlling shareholders as the inside players are denied. Unfortunately the partnership perspective fails to be applied in both the public held corporation and closely held corporation. Recently, the Anglo-American nations begin to accuse the controlling shareholders of their objectively illegal oppressive conducts to the non-controlling ones. And in Germany, Korea and Japan, they employ the doctrine of good faith to regulate the controlling shareholders＇ illegal conducts.