羊水过少的相关因素及其对母婴健康的影响

Risk factors of oligohydramnios and it's effects on pregnant woman and neonates

目的：探讨羊水过少的相关因素及其对母婴健康的影响。方法：收集2002年1月-2006年5月我院收治的羊水过少孕妇332例，并选择正常孕妇332例做对照。分析羊水过少对妊娠并发症及新生儿的影响。结果：过期妊娠、胎儿宫内生长受限、先兆子痫及胎盘功能减退与羊水过少密切相关，与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01）。羊水过少组中胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息的发生率比对照组显著增加（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），行剖宫产者新生儿窒息发生率较阴道分娩显著减少。结论：过期妊娠（≥42周）者羊水过少的发生率为正常妊娠者4倍。应该加强围生期保健。及时发现造成羊水过少的产科高危因素．避免羊水过少对围生儿造成严重影响。羊水过少一经确诊，应积极处理，适当放宽剖宫产指征，可能减少新生儿窒息的发生，改善不良围生儿结局。

Objective：To investigate the effects of oligohydramnios on pregnant woman and neonates.Methods： Three hundred and thirty-two pregnant women with oligohydramnios and 332 normal pregnant women without oligohydramnios were recruited in the hospital from Jan. 2002 to May 2006. Effects of oligohydramnios on complications of mothers and the neonates were analyzed.Results：The rates of newborn death,fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia were sigaificantly higher in the oligohydramnios group than that in normal controls （P〈0.05, P〈0.01 ）.Moreover,the prolonged pregnancy,fetal growth restriction,pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and placental function insufficiency were more frequent in oligohydramnios group （P〈0.01）.Caesarean section can significantly decrease the rate of fetal distress.Conclusion：In order to reduce complications of mothers and infants, prenatal oligohydramnios monitoring is necessary in all pregnant women. Caesarean section may be the best choice in case of severe oligohydramnios.