试论米尔会议的农民自治属性

Mir Assembly and the Farmer Autonomy

米尔会议是村社制度的核心,是集中体现农民自治性质和民主性质的机构。米尔会议分为乡米尔会议、村庄米尔会议等多种,由家长或当选代表组成。村社内部的重大决定必须经过米尔会议讨论,经表决通过后才由村社付诸实施。米尔会议的功能主要是选举村社公职人员、重分土地、分摊赋税、选派兵役、审理农民间的争议等。随着农村商品经济的发展,米尔会议逐渐呈现出等级特征。必须看到,米尔会议的自治性与民主性存在着明显的局限性。

Rural system is central to the Mir Assembly（Mirskaia Skhodka）, which reveals the democracy and autonomy of the farmers. There is county- and village-level Mir Assembly, with the participants being the head of a family or the selected representatives. Most important affairs, such as selection, farm land redistribution, draft and so on are decided in it. It is clear that the Mir Assembly has its evident demerits as the spreading of commodity economy.