湖北省部分农村地区人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病率及危险因素研究

Study on the prevalence rate and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural community population in Hubei province

目的了解湖北省南部（鄂南）农村地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患病率及危险因素。方法采用统一的流行病学调查表格，以多阶段抽样方法，抽取鄂南农村居民1883人进行调查，并进行体检和肺功能检测。结果共检出COPD患者186例，总患病率为9．88％，病例中男性占13．68％，女性占6．46％，男性高于女性（X2=27．48，P〈0．001）。随年龄增高患病率逐渐上升（X2=79．22，P〈0．001）。单因素分析表明，性别、年龄、吸烟、做饭频率、用生物燃料做饭、家族史、14岁以前经常咳嗽、体重指数降低、近5年房屋装修等9项因素与COPD有关。多因素logistic分析发现，性别、年龄、吸烟、做饭频率、家族史、14岁以前经常咳嗽为COPD的危险因素。结论鄂南农村地区COPD患病率较高，应针对危险因素采取综合干预措施来控制COPD的发生。

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） and its risk factors in rural area in the southern part of Hubei province and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment. Methods Using uniform scheme, procedures and questionnaire, a multistage survey for 1883 people in rural area in southern part of Hubei province was performed, and physical examinations and lung function tests were conducted for every participant. Results In this survey, 186 COPD cases were identified with a overall prevalence of 9.88%. The prevalence for male was 13.68% while in female it was 6.46 %. The prevalence was higher in males than in females （X^2 - 27.48, P 〈 0. 001） and higher with the increase of age （X^2 79.22, P 〈 0. 001）. Factors associated with COPD were identified in one-way variance model as follows： sex, age, smoking, time for cooking, using biomass fuels for in-door cooking, family history, frequent cough before age 14, low body index and having house remodelling in the last five years. Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex （OR = 1. 3010）, age （ OR - 1. 8506）, smoking （ OR - 3.0118）, cooking time （ OR = 1. 7651 ）, family history （OR = 1.5278）, frequent cough before age 14 （ OR = 2.8965） were risk factors. Conclusion The prevalence of COPD in the southern part of Hubei province was high, suggesting that comprehensive intervention measures should be taken.