菜薹细胞质不育系小孢子发生的细胞形态学研究

Cytological Studies on Microsporogenesis of the Male Sterile Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee.

菜薹雄性不育系小孢子发生的细胞形态学观察表明，孢原细胞分化期之前败育的花占５９．６％，不形成花粉囊；有花粉囊发育的花占４０．４％，其中绝大多数花中只有一个雄蕊能形成一个体积很小的花粉囊，雄性不育系小孢子发育在小孢子母细胞期、四分体及单核小孢子期均有败育，败育方式有绒毡层细胞异常肥大，挤压小孢子母细胞；减数分裂异常，无胞质分裂而形成巨细胞；单核小孢子粘连成花粉块，异常膨大等。还有雄蕊雌蕊化等花器异常现象。

A comparative developmental study of anther in the cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile plants of Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee. indicated the inhibition of the anther development occurred at several stages. 59.6% of the anther development was inhibited before the stage of archesporial cell and had no differentiation of microsporangium. 40.4% of the anther had differentiation of microsporangium which occupied small volum of the anther. The inhibition of the anther development occurred at the stage of microspore mother cell,tetrads and uninucleate microspore. There were abnormal phenonena such as the tapetal cells became larger and pressed microspore mother cells,huge cells,tetrad degenerated,uninucleate pollen became larger and degenerated and so on. In addition,there were flower abnormalities such as pistillody.