安徽省粮食作物全素平衡施肥研究

Research of Multi elements Balanced Fertilization on Staple Food Crops in Anhui

运用土壤养分系统诊断技术对长江流域的小麦，江淮丘陵区域的水稻和淮北平原的玉米进行了全素平衡施肥田间试验。结果表明：采用新的施肥技术与目前通用施肥模式相比，小麦、玉米和水稻分别增产９％～２０％，７％～１６％和６％～１１％。还证实硫肥对淮北玉米有增产效果。采用能量——经济学评价方法对肥料效应进行了系统评估，认为土壤养分系统诊断技术可在安徽省“二高一优”

The multi elements balanced fertilization experiments on the staple food crops in Anhui had been conducted based on the result of the first 4 steps of the systematic approach of the soil nutrients statuts.The well designed fertilizer experiment indicated that it can significantly increase the unit yield of the staple food crops under the model of the multi elements balanced ferilization: wheat, 9￣20%;maize,7￣16% and rice,6￣11%,compared with the normal fertilizer model:NP or NPK,respectively.And the response of sulphur on maize was firstly observed in the northern part of Anhui.The evaluation of energy economics of fertilizers indicated that the maximum net energy return and highest yield,4 233kg/hm 2 and 53 60 GJ/hm 2 for wheat,6 764kg/hm 2 and 75 27 GJ/hm 2 for maize,6 278kg/hm 2 and 84 03 GJ/hm 2 for rice,can be obtained in the model of multi elements balanced fertilization.These meant that the market price was not reasonable and not beneficial to the production of food at present,so the suitable fertilizer model of rice,wheat and maize was the treatment of NPK+Zn,NK,and N,separately.