“全部”“所有”和“一切”的语义考察

A semantic comparison of quánbù, suǒyǒu and yīqiè

本文主要从语义上论述了“全部”“所有”和“一切”的区别，指出“全部”强调事物的“整体性”且确指度最高，“一切”趋向于对事物“种类”的总括而确指度最低，“所有”则侧重于事物的“个体”，确指度介乎前两者之间。在此基础上进一步分析了它们互换的条件。

This paper compares quánbù （全部）, suǒyǒu （所有） and yīqiè （一切） mainly from the view of semantics, pointing out that quánbù emphasizes the whole of something; suǒyǒu gives prominence to the individual; and yīqiè emphasizes particularly on the variety of things. In terms of the ability to specify a reference, we can form this scale： quánbù〉suǒyǒu〉yīqiè. Meanwhile the semantic conditions and rules for commutation of the three are summarized.