小麦近缘野生植物的赤霉病抗性研究

STUDY ON WILD RELATIVES OF WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO HEAD SCAB

用单花和多花注射接种法对小麦近缘野生植物１６个属８０个种２７６份材料进行了抗赤霉病鉴定和分析，结果表明属种间对赤霉病的抗性存在着极大的差异。鹅观草属（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａ）既高抗侵入又高抗扩展，在１６个属中抗病性最强；披碱草属（Ｅｌｙｍｕｓ）、仲彬草属（Ｋｅｎｇｙｉｌｉａ）和冰草属（Ａｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎ）大多数居群中抗侵入且高抗扩展；偃麦草属（Ｅｌｙｔｒｉｇｉａ）、拟鹅观草属（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａ）、新麦草属（Ｐｓａｔｈｙｒｏｓｔａｃｈｙｓ）和大麦属（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍ）的多年生野生种虽不抗侵入但高抗扩展；山羊草属（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ）、毛节草属（Ｃｒｉｔｈｏｐｓｉｓ）、旱麦草属（Ｅｒｅｍｏｐｙｒｕｍ）、异型花属（Ｈｅｔｅｒａｎｔｈｅｌｉｕｍ）、带芒草属（Ｔａｅｎｉａｔｈｅｒｕｍ）、无芒草属（Ｈｅｎｒａｒｄｉａ）和簇毛麦属（Ｈａｙｎａｌｄｉａ）的Ｈ．ｖｉｌｏｓａ及大麦属（Ｈｏｒｄｅｕｍ）的一年生野生种对赤霉病的两种抗性均属于高感类型。

276 accessions from 80 species of 16 genera in Triticeae were screened for resistance to head scab with single floret and multi floret injection inoculation methods respectively. The results showed that great difference in resistance existed between genera or species. Roegneria species with high resistance to initial infection and high resistance to pathogen spread were the most resistant ones in all tested species. Elytrigia, Pseudoroegeria, Psathyrostachys and perennial species of Hordeum were susceptible to initial infection, but were highly resistant to pathogen spread. Elymus, Kengyilia and Agropyron showed moderate resistance to initial infection and high resistance to pathogen spread. Aegilops, Crithopsis, Eremopyrum, Heteranthelium, Henrardia, Haynaldia, Teaniatherum and annual wild species of Hordeum showed high susceptibility to head scab.