烧伤病区病原菌分布及其耐药性调查

Survey on the distribution of burn pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in burn unit

目的了解烧伤病区病原菌分布特点及其耐药情况,为临床治疗提供参考。方法回顾性分析笔者单位烧伤病区348例住院患者的创面、血液、静脉导管、痰液、尿液及脓液等标本分离而得的菌株,统计其病原菌分布情况及耐药性。结果共检出464株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌244株占52.6%、革兰阳性球菌188株占40.5%、真菌32株占6.9%。主要检出菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)对环丙沙星、青霉素G、苯唑西林等的耐药率已达100.0%,只对万古霉素敏感。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、头孢吡肟的耐药率分别为15.8%、36.8%、33.3%。结论金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌是烧伤病区感染的主要病原菌;金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌对抗生素的耐药率较高。

Objective To investigate the distribution of burn pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in a burn unit, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods Three hundred and forty-eight burn patients hospitalized in our department were enrolled in this study. The pathogens isolated from the wounds, blood, venous catheter, sputum, urine, purulent discharge of wounds in these patients, and their antibiotic resistance were surveyed by retrospective analysis from Jan, 2001 to Dec, 2006. Results Totally 464 strains were isolated, among which Gram negative（ G- ） bacilli accounted for 52.6% , Gram positive microorganisms（G ~ ） accounted for 40. 5% , and fungi accounted for 6.9%. The main pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species and Escherichia coli, among which Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA） was predominant （93.5%）. MRSA was 100% resistant to levofloxacin, penicilium, oxacillin, and it was also resistant to other antibiotics except Vancomycin. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Cefoperazone/Sulbactam, Imipenem and cefepime were 15. 8%, 36. 8%, 33.3% , respectively. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species and Escherichia coli were predominant in the burn unit,among them Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter were more resistant to antibiotics.