美国大都市区政治“巴尔干化”现象的成因及改革途径

Causes of Political Balkanization in American Great Metropolis and Approaches to Reform

大都市区的形成与发展是现代城市化进程中一个重要特征,也是20世纪世界城市化的主导趋势。大都市区的出现,不仅使城市地域空间形态与规模发生重组与变化,而且使资本、产业、劳动力等要素在城市地域形成新的规律化的流动与布局,城市的基础设施规模和社区的结构也随之发生巨大变化,进而对原有的城市行政管理模式提出新的要求与挑战。由于美国大都市区政治的"巴尔干化"或曰"碎化",使一系列问题的解决难度加大。认真研究美国大都市区发展的趋势以及政治对这一发展趋势的影响,有助于我们认识城市发展的主导趋势和一般规律,更有助于我国当前城市化道路的选择。

The development of the great metropolis is one of the most important characteristics in the process of urbanization as well as a leading trend in the 20^（th） century.The appearance of the great metropolis not only changes and recomposes the space configuration and the scale of the city terrain,but also makes such elements as capital、industry、 and labour force form a new regulative layout and fluxion.It also greatly changes cities＇ infrastructure and community structure,and furthermore challenges the old and calls for a new pattern of arban administration.The political Balkanization and Fragmentation in the great metropolis makes it difficult to solve a series of problems.A careful study of the trend of the process of American urbanization and its political effect is helpful for us to realize the main trend and general principles of the city developments and thereby to choose an appropriate way for the present-day urbanization in China.