论权利和义务关系的对等性和非对等性

On The Reciprocity and Non-reciprocity of Rights and Obligations

权利和义务是普遍存在的社会关系的本质要求,两者相互影响、相互制约的联系体现为一般相关性和特殊相关性。前者表现为权利和义务关系的对等性(或对应性、同位性或直接统一性),后者则体现为权利和义务关系的非对等性(不平衡性或间接统一性),两者构成了权利和义务关系原理的基本方面。考察权利或义务与主体间接相关的情况及区分义务在法理层次和道义层次的不同内涵、意义,既是深刻认识这两种属性在权利和义务关系原理中的不同特质的基础,也是建构社会权利、义务关系体系的重要理论前提。以正确理解的权利和义务关系原理来建构社会权利、义务关系体系,应避免本位论的误置,坚持"人对权利的拥有是以他履行相应的义务为条件的"这一基本原则,同时应建立公正的社会道德、法律评价原则以及健全的奉献与回报机制。

Rights and obligations are essential requtrements of social relations.The mutually affective and restrietive relation between the two reflects general as well special relevante.The former reflects reciprocity（parallelism,parity or immediacy oneness） of rights and obligations,and the latter reflects non-reciprocity（imbalance or unimmediate oneness） of rights and obligations.They constitute the basic elements of the theory concerning relations between rights and obligations.It is not only the theoretic premises to understand the differences between rights and obligations,but also the foundation to construct social rights and obligations.In order to correctly understand the principle of rights and obligations and construct our social system of rights and obligations,we should adhere to a basic principle——＂fulfilling obligations to the enjoyment of rights＂.Meanwhile a justice-based social and moral code,principles of legal judgement,and a sound mechanism of ＂give and take＂ should be established.