基于语音库的汉语感叹句与感叹语调研究

A Study of Chinese Exclamatory Sentence and Intonation Based on Sound Corpus

本文在电视录音语料的基础上对汉语感叹句的标记类别及使用面貌进行总体描述,并对汉语感叹语调的语音特征进行测量与研究。研究发现,在实际话语中,各类标记类感叹句相对于无标记类感叹句在数量上占有绝对优势,在发现的十二类语法标记中,尤以语气副词和句末语气助词的使用频率最高。总体而言,汉语感叹语调的主要语音特征是强重音与宽调域,调尾音阶也通常较低。在感叹语调内部,总存在一个或多个强重音,且强重音的位置可能位于调首、调中、调尾或全调。调阶与调域在感叹语调的表情过程中各有不同的功能,前者主要反映说话时情绪的兴奋度的高低,而后者主要提示感叹时的语势的强弱。此外,感叹语调调首、调尾音阶的高低主要受到重音模式与语气的缓急的影响。感叹标记对于非典型感叹语调的判别有重要作用。

Based on a TV sound corpus, this paper makes an overall description of the marking categories and uses of the Chinese exclamatory sentences, and also measures and studies the phonetic features of the Chinese exclamatory intonation. It is found that in the actual discourse the variously marked exclamatory sentences enjoy an overwhelming majority over the unmarked ones in number, and that among the twelve grammatical markers the modal adverbs and the sentence-final modal particles are most frequently used. On the whole, the most distinctive phonetic features of the Chinese exclamatory intonation are strong accent and wide pitch range as well as a usually low ending boundary. Specifically, in the Chinese exclamatory intonation there must be at least one strong accent, which can be located at the beginning, middle, end or over the whole sentence. The register and the range play different roles in the Chinese exclamatory intonation, with the former indicating mainly the degree of emotional agitation and the latter indicating mainly the strength of the expression. In addi- tion, the pitch level of the initial and ending boundaries are mainly affected by the stress pattern and the degree of urgency of the mood. The exclamatory markers are .especially impor tant for the recognition of the non-typical exclamatory intonation.